Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) is a condition that affects how the brain receives and interprets information from the five senses: touch, taste, sight, sound, and smell. People with SPD can be over-responsive, under-responsive, or have a combination of both, leading to difficulties in processing and responding to sensory stimuli. In this blog, we will explore the different types of SPD, its symptoms, causes, and treatment options.
Types of Sensory Processing Disorder
There are three types of SPD:
- Sensory Modulation Disorder: This type of SPD is the most common and can be either over-responsive or under-responsive. Over-responsive individuals are hypersensitive to sensory input and can become easily overwhelmed by ordinary stimuli. Under-responsive individuals have difficulty noticing or responding to sensory input.
- Sensory Discrimination Disorder: This type of SPD affects a person’s ability to distinguish between different types of sensory input, such as different textures, sounds, or smells.
- Sensory-Based Motor Disorder: This type of SPD affects a person’s ability to plan and coordinate movements in response to sensory input.
Symptoms of Sensory Processing Disorder
The symptoms of SPD vary depending on the individual and the type of SPD they have. However, some common symptoms include:
- Hypersensitivity or hyposensitivity to certain stimuli, such as loud noises or certain textures.
- Difficulty with social interactions and play, due to a lack of interest in or discomfort with sensory experiences.
- Difficulty with fine or gross motor skills, such as handwriting or balance.
- Difficulty with self-regulation, including emotional regulation and attention.
Causes of Sensory Processing Disorder
The exact causes of SPD are unknown, but it is believed to be a neurological disorder that affects the way the brain processes sensory input. Research suggests that genetic factors may play a role in the development of SPD, as well as environmental factors such as premature birth, prenatal stress, and exposure to toxins.
Treatment for Sensory Processing Disorder
Treatment for SPD typically involves occupational therapy, which focuses on helping individuals learn to manage and respond appropriately to sensory input. Treatment may also involve behavioral therapy and sensory integration therapy, which involves exposing individuals to different types of sensory input to help them learn to process and respond to it.
Other treatment options include dietary changes, such as avoiding certain foods that may trigger sensory sensitivities, and medication, although medication is typically used as a last resort and only for specific symptoms.
In conclusion, Sensory Processing Disorder is a complex condition that affects the way the brain processes and responds to sensory input. While there is no cure for SPD, there are effective treatment options that can help individuals manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life. If you suspect that you or someone you know may have SPD, it is important to seek the help of a medical professional who can provide a proper diagnosis and recommend the appropriate treatment.